一个不成熟的想法，直接将电脑麦克风的音频信号转发到FMO的去中心化网络上，这样就可以节省射频发射和接收环节，还有购买FMO硬件的钱。同理，MMDVM是否也能这样操作？

原理上肯定是可以，盒子这个东西本身就是在一个比较尴尬的位置。一方面如果你最终去掉了所有无线电相关的东西，那么它实际上就变成了一个经过无线电认证（有执照、ID）的HAM聊天社区；另一方面如果维持现状，只用手台发射，那确实有有点多此一举。这个东西本身大家都会有不同的看法。我是觉得盒子是很好的扩展工具，也可以适当的降低使用难度（指比如直接连手咪或者APP），但是对于个人使用来说，肯定不能把他完全替代无线电波的通联

FMO板子上的固件是开源的吗，不开源的话用不了认证算法。MMDVM倒是可以用电脑，你搜Droidstar然后自己拿CMake编译个桌面版就能用了。

@"BI3SVM_Rinko"#p100638 附链接[Github](https://github.com/nostar/DroidStar/tree/main)

目前我的想法是，准备画一个联网背板，用esp32主控。联网背板然后走 /api/provision 就可以获取 FMO的配网信息。联网背板用FMO的配网信息联网之后，就可以通过FMO的 ws获取相关配置信息。也可以走 https://bg5esn.com/docs/fmo-hw-interface/ 的硬件接口指南的语音Rx Tx 接口收发语音。然后就可以搭配app或者网页端实现远程，内网的软件收发成本应该很低，但是确实要考虑合规性🤔，但是我感觉不走射频应该没啥问题，理论可行

@"BA4RBX"#p100642 纯接入FMO的网络的话，目前 FMO 连接服务器和与其他FMO交互走的是私钥签名认证，没有太好的办法拿到 FMO的私钥。他的签名内容是开源的。如果你要订阅发布到FMO的MQTT，就得签名。可能得抓自己FMO注册时候的包拿到私钥才行。要不然就得自己重新设计一套独立于FMO的这种系统了。

@"BA4RBX"#p100643 说实话我感觉 FMO完全可以通过软件的形式，类似 MMDVM。装在树莓派开发版上。做成纯硬件可能就是为了区分类似南山对讲这种纯网络对讲的形式吧。 MMDVM 大多人用的时候其实都没有作为自制设备去备案。FMO 作为商业产品阉割了射频，感觉其实就是一种商业盈利行为_

fmo这种有没有私自经营电信业务的法律风险呢（电信业务分类目录 B22 国内多方通信服务业务），毕竟大部分都是依靠网络完成的，传输协议目前也没有公开，业余无线电只占了传播链路的一小部分，手台在其中本质上就是一个无线麦克风，只不过使用的是业余频段而已。再说了fmo属于无线电转接网关，既无型号核准也无进网许可，公开售卖这种设备也有法律风险的吧。

都这样了，为啥不玩Echolink呢………………

@"BD8ECX"#p100646 我感觉如果是官方ESN 提供了服务器，那确实可能涉及一些盈利性质（推广产品）🤔，但是更多是爱好者自行搭建，不涉及盈利目的应该就不需要这类增值电信相关资质。

Is it possible to develop software for a computer that can directly communicate with FMO devices?

BD8ECX

This is an immature idea: directly forwarding the audio signal from a computer microphone to the FMO's decentralized network, which would save on the need for radio transmission and reception equipment, as well as the cost of purchasing FMO hardware. Similarly, could MMDVM also be operated in this way?

BloodBlade

BD8ECX Can MMDVM also be operated in this way?

MMDVM is simply a client device, and it doesn't involve any components other than the Raspberry Pi. If you want to connect to a network without using any hardware, like BI3SVM_Rinko As they said,DroidStar+Pirated VocoderIt can connect to all digital voice servers supported by MMDVM.EcholinkAndAllStarLinkThis allows you to connect to a simulated voice server.The latter is the open-source version of FMO that you were hoping for, yes, ESN has essentially rebuilt the closed-source components.

BD8ECX BA4RBX BI7BST In my understanding, FMO is a user-configured server, and sellers only sell hardware. Under this premise, sellers themselves should not have issues with lacking telecommunications operation qualifications. However, the risk still exists, but it has been transferred to the server configurers. Of course, this problem can be solved through further decentralization and direct P2P communication.As a personal opinion, I believe that creating a CA certification system similar to FMO is not as effective as directly using LoTW certificates.

BH6SVA_AC3QU I remember that Echolink was only available with government-operated servers, and the legal risks were similar to using Discord.

BG6XVJ

Failed authentication

Carlos

In principle, it's definitely possible. The device itself is in a somewhat awkward position. On the one hand, if you ultimately remove all radio-related components, it essentially becomes a HAM chat community that has been certified and licensed (with an ID). On the other hand, if you maintain the status quo and only use handheld radios, then it's definitely overkill. Everyone will have different opinions on this. I think the device is a great extension tool, and can also help to reduce the difficulty of use (such as directly connecting to a handheld radio or app), but for personal use, it cannot completely replace the communication provided by radio waves.

BI3SVM_Rinko

Is the firmware on the FMO board open source? If not, it won't be possible to use the authentication algorithm. However, the MMDVM can be used with a computer; you can search for Droidstar and then compile a desktop version using CMake yourself, which will allow you to use it.

BI3SVM_Rinko

BI3SVM_Rinko Includes a link.Github

BA4RBX

Currently, my plan is to create a networked backboard using an ESP32 microcontroller.
Once the network backplane is connected, you can access FMO's distribution network information using /api/provision. After connecting the network backplane with FMO's distribution network information, you can obtain related configuration information through FMO's ws. You can also use it to... https://bg5esn.com/docs/fmo-hw-interface/ Hardware Interface Guide: The voice Rx/Tx interface transmits and receives voice. This can then be paired with an app or web-based software to enable remote and local communication.

The cost should be quite low, but compliance must still be considered.🤔However, I feel that not using radio frequencies shouldn't be a problem; it's theoretically feasible.

BA4RBX

BA4RBX If you are only connecting to the FMO network, currently, authentication between the FMO server and other FMO instances uses private key signatures. There isn't a good way to obtain the FMO's private key. The signature content is open-source. If you want to subscribe to MQTT published on FMO, you need to sign it. Perhaps obtaining the private key from the package you used when registering with FMO might be necessary. Otherwise, you would have to design an entirely independent system from FMO.

BD6JNF

BA4RBX I am building a device that uses an ESP32 to interface with an FMO audio input, transmitting speech over a network. In theory, this should work without any problems.

BA4RBX

BA4RBX To be honest, I feel that FMO could definitely work through software, similar to MMDVM. It could be installed on a Raspberry Pi development board. Making it purely hardware might have been intended to differentiate it from pure network-based communication systems like South Mountain radios. Many people actually use MMDVM without registering it as their own device. As a commercial product, FMO seems to be stripping out the radio frequency functionality, which feels like a purely profit-driven move.

BD8ECX

Are there any legal risks associated with privately operating telecommunications services using FMO devices (Telecommunications Services Category B22: Domestic Multi-Party Communication Services), given that most rely on networks and the transmission protocols are not publicly available? Furthermore, since amateur radios only constitute a small part of the communication link, and FMOs essentially function as wireless microphones using amateur frequencies, selling these devices publicly also carries legal risks.

BA4RBX

BD8ECX I feel that if ESN itself provided the servers, it could definitely involve some profit-making activities (promoting products).🤔However, these are primarily self-built by enthusiasts and do not involve any profit motive. Therefore, they should not require such value-added telecommunications-related qualifications.

BG2KAJ

So, why aren't we using Echolink then?

BH6SVA_AC3QU

BG2KAJ Echolink appears to be part of VoIP (which I believe is called that), and this may also be illegal.

BD8ECX

BA4RBX BA4RBX However, to obtain an FMO user certificate, you first need the MAC address of the FMO device. All the fundamental aspects of the FMO network are based on the hardware devices of FMO, and these devices can only be purchased from ESN. This is where the profit comes in.

BG2EFX

BD8ECX
You can also choose not to buy it.
Based on what you said upstairs, are you looking to connect to FMO?

BI4KSR

BD8ECX The things that others have developed – why can't they profit from it?😆

BD8ECX

BG2EFX I'm just discussing the potential legal risks involved, and I don't have any intention of buying or not buying anything.

BI7BST

BI4KSR ECX stated that there are legal risks associated with profitability, unless developers have a telecommunications value-added business license. It's not about "what," but rather whether they possess the necessary license.

BH6SVA_AC3QU

BloodBlade 怎么说呢直接用lotw的证书有些人没有申请，申请还是有点复杂的还要邮件发执照什么的

BI3QAC

If I have a handheld radio that supports a USB sound card, can it achieve the functionality you described?

BA4RBX

BD6JNF 是的是的，可以试一下

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