正在尝试拿通用的 SDR（软件定义无线电）平台搭建一个 24 小时守听的设施（目前的困难是供电，可能还得给上位机充电），同时也在考虑是否可能使用 SDR 接功放和天调进行发射……这样和普通的设备相比能玩更多的调制方法。目前有发射功能的较常见的 SDR，比较便宜的档次有 HackRF，往上走还有 LimeSDR 和 USRP。由于这些设备在常见业余段的最大发射功率都在 5~20 dBm，所以必须得接功放。同时笔者比较担心 SDR + 功放的组合发射效果并不佳，可能有较大频偏或杂散发射？但没有实验验证，想知道论坛里是否有朋友试过。另一个绕不开的问题是验机，SDR + 自制上位机软件 + 功放 + 天调是否真的能通过验机（SDR 本身显然是没有核准码的）？如果不能，那么用未验机、记载在执照上的设备发射是否有较大的合规性风险？期望各位坛友解惑，thx.

如果我没有记错，验机要求不能通过可软件修改至非业余无线电频段发射的设备

@"Lynx"#p6852 那就限制一下不让他调到非业余频段（

SDR是自己做的话，能够提供pcb订单 BOM表之类的，而且软件上设置禁止在非业余段发射可以试一下按照自制上执照。验机的时候功放和机器需要一起验，把两个东西看成是一个设备提交(自制＋拼装设备)。想要比较保准的回复的话可以去线下咨询本地无管(发射功率15w以下)，电话咨询工信部无管局地面处(15W及以上)，或者干脆去工信部的部长信箱提问，会有人和你电话沟通。最后这个东西搭建起来不要放到公网上，国内开放的webSDR基本都因为各种不可抗力关闭了，考虑到现在的形势，开放到公网上可能会被处罚。(参考自建气象站和ADSB被处罚的案例，很容易被说成泄露敏感信息)

@"Yuluoxk"#p6857 收听部肯定不会挂公网，整个ZeroTier自己听着玩就行了。 SDR 开始是考虑的成品设备 + 成品上位机 + 软件自己写，虽然是开源的但一般这些设备焊接还是挺有难度的。感觉这种有点拼装（上位机+SDR）但又基本没有拼装的估计合规性上有点难，后续问下无管吧……

HackRF的那个发射杂散太大了

怎么过了两年又被顶起来了（那就顺带来说说吧，去年和bg2fyo整了一些活，尝试玩了一些sdr。 DIY了一些pluto用来玩高频，最后因为不知道什么问题可能是bga没焊好（jlc的喷锡焊盘似乎不太行）启动不起来，基本上放弃diy的想法了。后来买了个成品的pluto和仿的usrpb210来进行使用，后者因为指标还不错所以去无管验机上了个执照，高频部分的合法发射目前都在用这个。推功放方面因为一直在咕咕咕所以没尝试指标怎么样，不过应该问题不大。总之sdr想要合法使用是可以的，按照自制设备来进行申请。自制申请材料各地要求差距较大在此不再赘述，本体+功放共同作为一个整体申请，验机的时候两个都要验，验完正常来说可以拆开单独使用sdr（最好和无管单独说一下，有的地方会给分开登记）。关于能在非业余频段发射的问题，还是看各地无管要求，有要求自己写一个限制就好了。最后原则上不建议任何人使用未登记的无线电发射设备进行发射，合法合规使用业余无线电台。 [upl-image-preview uuid=073ec69d-3785-4d94-bb5c-60df0cdc9033 url=https://storage.hamcq.cn/2025-11-05/1762338235-541129-img-20251105-181414-compressed-1762338096208.jpg alt={TEXT?}]

The feasibility of SDR as a front-end transmitter from both a technical and regulatory perspective.

chariri

I am currently trying to build a 24-hour listening station using a generic Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform. The main challenge is power supply (which also needs to charge the host computer), and I'm also considering whether to use the SDR with an amplifier and antenna for transmitting... This would allow me to experiment with more modulation methods compared to standard equipment.
Currently, some of the most common and affordable SDRs with transmitting capabilities include the HackRF. Moving up in price, you'll find LimeSDR and USRP. These devices typically have a maximum transmit power of 5 in the most common amateur radio bands.₂₀ dBm, so a power amplifier must be used.

Furthermore, I am concerned that the combination of SDR and amplifier may not produce optimal results, potentially leading to significant frequency deviation or unwanted radiation. However, this is based on speculation without experimental verification. I would like to know if anyone in the forum has tried this setup. Another important issue is testing: can a combination of an SDR, custom-built上位机 software, an amplifier, and a radio tuner actually pass through a test (given that the SDR itself does not have any validation codes)?
If not, does using an uncertified device or a device listed on the license pose significant compliance risks?
I hope that fellow members of this forum can help me understand this. Thank you.

Lynx

If I'm not mistaken, the equipment must be able to operate on non-amateur radio frequencies and cannot be modified to transmit in amateur radio bands.

sparrowhe

Lynx Let's restrict him from using non-amateur frequency bands.

Yuluoxk

If you build it yourself, you can provide a BOM (Bill of Materials) for the PCB order, and you can also try setting up software to prevent transmitting outside of amateur radio bands. When testing, both the amplifier and the equipment need to be tested together, treating them as one device and submitting them for approval (DIY + assembled equipment).
If you want to get a more reliable response, you can visit a local authorized dealer (with transmission power of 15W or less) and inquire in person. Alternatively, you can call the ground office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (for transmission power above 15W) or directly submit your questions through the Minister's mailbox on the MIIT website. Someone will then contact you by phone.

Finally, this setup should not be placed on the public internet. Most domestic open webSDRs have been shut down due to various uncontrollable factors. Considering the current situation, putting it online could result in penalties. (Referencing cases where self-built weather stations and ADSB were penalized, it's easy to be accused of leaking sensitive information).

chariri

Yuluoxk

The listening department will definitely not be accessible to the public network; it can only be used for personal listening within the ZeroTier environment.
Initially, the plan was to build a complete system: pre-made hardware + pre-made host computer + custom software. While open source, these devices are generally quite difficult to assemble due to soldering requirements. It feels like this approach is a hybrid of partially assembled (host + SDR) but essentially no assembly, which might pose compliance challenges. I'll ask about "no-fuss" options later...

BH8AVW

The spurious emissions from the HackRF are too high.

Hanbao

The original poster didn't do anything, haha.

Yuluoxk

How did I manage to stay afloat for two years, only to be knocked down again?
In that context, I'd also like to mention that last year, I collaborated with BG2FYO on some projects and experimented with SDR.

I tried a DIY project using Pluto for high-frequency experiments, but it ultimately failed because I couldn't get it to start. It seems the BGA soldering might not have been done properly (the JLC tinning plate doesn't seem to work well). As a result, I abandoned the DIY idea.
Later, I purchased a pre-built Pluto and a fake USRP B210 to use. The latter one had decent performance indicators, so I obtained a license and used it for testing. Currently, the high-frequency part is using this device for legal transmission. Regarding amplification, I haven't tried it because I was procrastinating, but I don't think there should be any problems.

In summary, SDR can be legally used if you apply according to the requirements for self-made equipment. The specific requirements vary depending on the location, so I won't go into detail here. However, it is important to note that both the SDR and the amplifier should be tested together as a single unit. Once testing is complete and everything is normal, you can disassemble them and use the SDR separately (it's best to mention this specifically, as some locations may require separate registration for each).
Regarding the issue of transmitting in non-commercial bands, it's simply a matter of complying with local regulations or creating your own restrictions if necessary.

Ultimately, it is not advisable for anyone to use unregistered radio transmitting equipment for transmission; instead, comply with regulations and use licensed amateur radio stations.

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