之前随大佬野架学习CW通联，发现频率上有些人习惯在发完每句后发一个 K 表示语句结尾。同时，A证题库也告诉我应该发K，在CWO里，大部分人也是发K。但是在实际守听频率的时候，发现有些人发K的时机和前句过于紧密，导致抄错呼号的现象。同时，频率上遇到一些友台确实从来不发K，每一句只发一条重复的信息，这样他停止拍发的时候也自然知道已经语句结束。本人短波频率守听不多，上班摸鱼之余怒水一帖，问问各位友台的经验。

我想到的一大问题是—— 如果不发K，别人就不知道你是在【等待对方回应】还是在【构思下一句，只是时间比较长】了我是除了最后TU EE之外都会发K的

@"BG5CVB"#p79009 说得对，在CWO里也经常遇到用英文闲聊的时候构思半天仿佛掉线的友台，我一直等到他发k才回答、、

如果业余无线电台操作技术能力验证题库里的题目可以视为操作要求的话，应该是需要拍发的： MC1-0400 [upl-image-preview uuid=016f97c3-a17d-48c9-a398-f46c086eba6b url=https://storage.hamcq.cn/2025-09-16/1758008676-813851-snipaste-2025-09-16-15-41-12.png alt={TEXT?}]

@"BG5CVB"#p79009 是的，TU EE 以外基本都发 K, BK 或者 SK，表示自己发完了并邀请对方拍发。另外，CQ 的时候我认为必须要发 K 或者 PSE K, 否则对方是不知道拍发结束的，特别是有 pile-up 的情况。（特例是在比赛或者 POTA 的时候，主叫可能以 TEST 或 POTA 之类的结尾，比如： CQ CQ TEST BI1XJT BI1XJT TEST）

以前曾经有大佬说过，发K是不严谨的，严谨点应该发AR（某些群里也讨论过，我记得是七公提的），但找不到这说法最初来源了。

@"BH7JUO"#p79072 你是说这个吗？ [upl-image-preview uuid=fe1f2ca5-ed62-47a4-a21c-b2ffd2a37ee8 url=https://storage.hamcq.cn/2025-09-17/1758072705-732303-image.png alt={TEXT?}] 《业余无线电爱好者的道德和操作守则》第三版（BG1TRP，BH4IWK译），第15页

不会，应为我压根不会发CW.😂

@"BH7JUO"#p79072 AR 是个 Prosign, 这样打出来也有误解，准确写法应该是 AR 上面加一横，或者说是：嘀嗒嘀嗒嘀（中间无间隔）

Do you send a "K" at the end of sentences when communicating in CW?

natsumikka_BA7OPF

Previously, while learning CW communication with a senior member, I noticed that some people had the habit of sending a "K" after each sentence to indicate the end of the statement. The A-license training materials also instructed me to send "K". In CWO, most people also send "K". However, when actually practicing receiving frequencies, I found that some people sent "K" too closely after the previous sentence, leading to errors in transcribing call signs.
Additionally, when encountering friendly stations that never transmit "K," and instead repeat a single message each time, they naturally know when to stop transmitting after hearing the repeated message.
I don't have much experience with shortwave frequencies, but I was looking for a solution to help me relax during my workday. I asked my fellow radio enthusiasts for their advice.

BG7ZAH

I haven't learned CW yet.

BG5CVB

One major problem that comes to mind is—
If you don't send a "K" (presumably, a message indicating progress or intention), others won't know whether you are waiting for a response or simply taking longer to formulate the next sentence.
I will post K on all platforms except for TU EE.

natsumikka_BA7OPF

BG5CVB You're right, I often find myself in situations where a friend on CWO seems to be struggling to formulate their thoughts in English, and I wait for them to send the message before responding.

BI1XJT

BG5CVB Yes, besides TU EE, most stations use K, BK, or SK to indicate that they have transmitted and are inviting the other party to respond. In addition, when using CQ, I believe it is necessary to transmit K or PSE K, otherwise the other party will not know that the transmission has ended, especially in situations where there is a pile-up. (The exception is during competitions or POTA, where the caller may end with TEST or POTA, for example: CQ CQ TEST BI1XJT BI1XJT TEST)

BH7JUO

Previously, a senior member mentioned that posting K (presumably referring to something like "K-messages") is not rigorous; instead, it should be AR (which was also discussed in some groups, I believe seven public initially suggested). However, I can't find the original source of this statement.

BG5CVB

BH7JUO Is this what you mean?

"Code of Ethics and Operating Rules for Amateur Radio Operators," Third Edition (Translated by BG1TRP, BH4IWK), Page 15

BI1XJT

BH7JUO AR is a Prosign, so it can be misinterpreted. The correct way to write it is AR with a line above it, or: "嘀嗒嘀嗒嘀" (with no space in the middle).

BG8KUQ

No, I don't know how to send CW; I wouldn't even know where to start.😂

BI1XJT

BI1XJT https://www.qsl.net/w5www/abbr.html It states: "AR is used at the end of a transmission when calling a specific station before two-way contact has been established. Use it in place of K or KN when answering a CQ, or calling someone for a sked." Therefore, when using CQ, one must always transmit K or KN, KNN. Since BK ("Break, Back") is also commonly used, and it seems reasonable: "BK--Break, Back ("I'm back now" or "Back to you")"

BG8LGP

I am a beginner and can only use standard transmissions. When I receive transmissions that are not in standard format, I will have trouble distinguishing them.🤣

natsumikka_BA7OPF

I learned a lot.

BenRG

It's definitely important to end the transmission with a proper closing signal, even though I'm also a beginner. However, based on my experience, if someone replies to a non-contest contact with "BK," it usually means they want a quick QSO and are simply exchanging signals and ending with "73." If they send "K" or "KN," it indicates that the other person is patient and wants to exchange more information, such as their callsign, location, or equipment. Some people on shortwave find rapid QSOs using CW with operators like 5NN BK annoying.

natsumikka_BA7OPF

BenRG Is there a possibility that "BK" represents rapid communication, and "K" represents multiple exchanges of information? Could this be due to statistical bias? Can someone provide authoritative confirmation?

BI1XJT

BenRG BK isn't trying to achieve rapid communication, right? The fastest I've seen is <CALL> 5NN TU, K, and BK are completely unreliable; frankly, I find them unpleasant to communicate with. It's simply a matter of not wanting to exchange messages with them.

BG5CVB

natsumikka_BA7OPF
Still taken from "The Amateur Radio Operator's Code of Ethics and Regulations" ...

2.9.7. Using "BK"
"BK" (break) is used to mark the end of a message, and involves rapid switching between two radio stations. There is no call sign exchange at the end of the transmission. In some ways, it's similar to "over" in voice communication.
For example, W1ZZZ wanted to know the name of G3ZZZ. He sent a message on Tonglian: "... YOUR NAME PLEASE". G3ZZZ immediately replied: "NAME JOHN JOHN BK".
The sender uses "BK" to indicate a break in communication, and then the other party responds with "BK" to start sending. However, the latter does not always send "BK".

2.9.8 Faster
Typically, "BK" is not used. Someone who has just finished transmitting (in "break-in" mode, which allows you to listen between words or characters) immediately gives the opportunity for another radio station to transmit, much like a face-to-face conversation where there are no formalities required.

2.9.9 Using "AS" (DIT DAH DIT DIT)
If someone inserts their callsign (either before you transmit or when you switch from transmitting to receiving), you should let them know that you would like to complete the contact first. Simply send "AS", which means "hold on".

2.9.10 Using "KN"
"K" means over. If you only transmit "K" at the end, it opens the door for other stations to interrupt you. Therefore, if you don't want to be interrupted, you should transmit "KN".
"KN" means "You only want to hear the radio station that transmitted your call sign just now (meaning, 'continue, other stations should not interfere,' or 'only transmit to me')." In other words, "Please do not interrupt us at this time."
"KN" is primarily used when you are in a very chaotic and desperate situation. For example, various radio stations might be responding to your CQ (calling each other), and you manage to copy part of the call sign. You then transmit "ON4AB? DE G3ZZZ PSE UR CALL AGAIN (again) K". If the station with the call sign "ON4AB?" responds to you, while several other stations are also calling you simultaneously, it becomes impossible for you to copy their call signs.
The corresponding method is to re-call ON4AB and use "KN" instead of "K" at the end, which emphasizes that you only want a response from ON4AB. For example: "ON4AB DE G3ZZZ KN", or even "ONLY ON4AB? DE G3ZZZ KN". If your authority on the frequency is still weak, you can try "ON4AB? DE G3ZZZ KN N N N" (with characters separating the "N"s), which makes your request much stronger...

BD1AQK

I find it easy to transmit, but it's very difficult when you can't understand what others are saying. Listening practice is extremely important.

natsumikka_BA7OPF

BI1XJT I'm still wondering: if it weren't someone I knew, would I be more inclined to exchange a lot of information? Or would I just exchange names with them?

BD4UNH

Similarly, wiping your bottom means you've finished defecating.

BI1XJT

natsumikka_BA7OPF 看对面先发 QRU 还是你先发了…… 只交换个名字的情况比较多，很多 JA 台比较喜欢 ragchew, 跟他们聊聊也挺有意思

BG5VLI

Some JA (Japanese Amateur Radio) stations tend to engage in lengthy conversations, starting by providing information such as their radio station's power, antenna type, weather conditions, temperature, and location (QTH). Then, they ask questions like "HW? BK?". It seems that the only way to respond politely is to provide a large amount of information.

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