“如何买短波台”以及“如何低成本买短波设备”是论坛里一个老生常谈的问题了，用“低成本”可以搜到很多台友的回答： > 不要从QRP入手！ > 买7300或891！ > 先买大功率台，按15W办证！ > 15W不能办证，先买个G106/二手IC-718挂证 > 自制uSDX > 买G90 > …… 以上言论主要分为三类情况，一种是一步到位——至少从FT-891/IC-7300开始，最好FT-710或更高水平机器，第二种是极致省钱，上自制机，第三种则是从国产机、二手机或挂证专用机开始。这些看法有问题吗？都没有，既然都是大家的经验，那自然都是宝贵的实践经验。我在买短波机之前，也受微信群和论坛台友建议影响，从“一步到位”的891开始，并且坚信“QRP不适合入门”，在之前的讨论也是持类似观点（例如[https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/4866/24](https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/4866/24)）。但经过最近一段时间的实践，我认为低预算也是适合入门的，如果新手真的存在各种困难，那要针对困难想出可行的方案，没有必要强行让他们拉高预算，或为了省钱而从超高门槛入门。 ## 我自己的经历我在考出B证以后，马上就买了一台891，不幸的是，当时并不能办理执照（哪怕承诺15W以下发射也不给办，后来才上了执照），于是又买了一台G90N用于挂证。经过一段时间断断续续地研究，[购买了MA-01和MA-12两种天线和一个MA-56转接头](https://forum.hamcq.cn/d/6477)，用两台机器和两种天线的各种组合完成了两百多QSO。我试过几次SSB，发现就算发100W也基本通不上，决定先放弃，改玩FT8。后来还上了全尺寸天线，去家附近的开阔公园野架，毫无疑问非常地爽，而且那其实是天线的爽，跟用G90或891关系并不大。由于各种原因，近期以在家通联为主，通联环境是“新手大忌”，即QRP机器（G90N）+加感天线（MA-01）+恶劣的电磁环境（高楼内），但即便如此，环境最差的情况也能通到国内或日本台，运气极端好的情况则通过南北美。当然QRP+加感天线肯定是做好了预期管理，通联随缘，能通是福，通不到正常。而且只用15～20米波段，其他波段放弃，因为要么没信号，要么天线调不出来（40米）。结合自身经历，我认为让新手从FT8入门是可行的。把预算向天线上倾斜，使用全尺寸天线，甚至多试几种天线，然后出去野架，更有助于成功通联、树立信心、提升水平。 ## 低预算入门经过一段时间的思考和实践，我发现，我们经常忽略了这类新人： 1. 预算非常紧张：例如没有收入的学生、收入不足的年轻打工人、被老婆看紧钱包的中年大叔……能攒3000块钱都已经很不容易，更别说买一个四五千的891，再另外攒钱买配件了 2. 对电子制作一窍不通：连电烙铁都不会用，让他买零件自制电台，还要把台子焊到不仅能点亮，还能通过验机的标准？ 3. 喜欢但不沉迷无线电：有个响就行，并不追求极致的通联体验对他们来说，“一步到位”有些遥远，“自制uSDX”又太硬核，因此有必要换个思路，引导他们做出取舍，而不是追求“我全都要”。短波的乐趣在于“折腾”，而折腾的方向有很多。对于低预算的新手，最关键的一步，就是在有限的预算下选择暂时放弃一些东西。 ### 暂时放弃SSB语音模式！没错，暂时放弃SSB语音模式！在SSB模式，特别是14270这种菜市场频率，有时简直就是军备竞赛：大功率机器、高效率天线，有的甚至上了功放，然后还有某位干扰者常年坚持不懈地挂着功放进行超大功率干扰。作为低预算玩家，和这些装备大佬们竞争是不太现实的，所以没必要一开始就让自己内耗，完全可以等有了通联经验，掌握了短波通联技巧，而且手头逐渐宽裕、装备逐渐完善之后，再回过头来进行SSB通联。 ### 从FT8开始很多人应该都已经用过FT8模式了。作为一种弱信号数字模式，FT8有着以下好处： * 容易成功：相比于SSB语音等模式，FT8很容易成功通联，对于新手来说比较容易获得成就感，树立信心。 * 环境随意：FT8对机器和环境要求都比较低，哪怕是G106C这种最便宜的“上证机”，哪怕在高楼林立的城市里，只要天线合适，也能玩得起来。天线和传播好了，甚至5W就能通全球。 * 足够流行：玩FT8的人非常多，只要心态佛系一些，漫无目的地通，很容易通到台，而且很容易找到资料，遇到问题也很容易解决。 * 能被观测：可以借助[pskreporter.info](https://pskreporter.info/pskmap.html)网站直观地看到信号传播到了哪里，进而帮助掌握各波段、各时段的传播规律。 * 只需要折腾一次：虽然FT8入门比较复杂一些，需要电脑配合，但是配好了就能一直用，而CW模式还需要需要花时间“勤学苦练”才能入门。当然FT8也有很多缺点，比方说机械化、“日本墙”等。但是对新手来说，最重要的事情是对短波一无所知的情况下，先把门踏进去。随着通联经验的提升，这些问题自己就知道该如何应对了。 ## 那么如何引导新手入坑 ### 先了解情况不分青红皂白地推荐FT-891/IC-7300/IC-718/uSDX，或者无脑地买G90/G106C/X6100，其实都是在误导新手。应该先了解情况再作推荐： * 你可动用的总预算（机器加所有配件）是多少？还能继续攒吗？ * 你的居住环境是怎样的？农村，还是城市，还是准备户外野架？ * 你对什么更感兴趣？是技术和计算机，还是与人交谈？ * 你是否愿意投入时间和精力来学习一项全新的技能？ ### 能攒钱，就争取一步到位虽然是低预算，如果咬咬牙能上到891（光机器就4000～5000左右）的程度，可以建议优先攒钱，功率大、耐用，还有6米波段，这三点不会让新手后悔。 ### 攒钱困难，不必一步到位如果攒钱实在困难，但是已经够买便宜机器和天线，可以先暂时放弃对语音的念想，先从FT8入坑，用数字模式把短波先玩起来。这样的话，QRP机器就不是单纯的挂证机，而是真正的教练机了。 FT8或CW都比较耐玩，在玩的期间，可以慢慢攒钱。攒够了，想开始体验SSB、FM等更多模式了，可以把手头的机器卖掉，添钱换成FT-891或更贵的机器。这时候已经有了操作经验和传播知识，新设备一到手就能玩得风生水起。如果中途没坚持下去，半路弃坑了，损失也不大。 ### 可以从CW开始吗？当然可以！FT8和CW都适合QRP台。FT8通过电脑降低了入门门槛，而CW则提供了一种更传统、更考验个人技能的通联乐趣，新手可以根据自己的兴趣和精力选择起点。 ### 3000预算入门参考套装（仅供参考） * 电台：协谷G90N/S (约2000～2500元，建议趁618等活动时买） * 天线： * 野架使用：全尺寸GP天线（5.6米拉杆、地网、底座、地插/支架等散件，能拼接起来就行，不必买整套） * 车用：在移动中通联并不现实，不如找地方停好车然后再架5米天线 * 城市阳台使用：可使用加感的缩短GP天线（例如MA-01），但要有通联效果很差的预期 * 如果预算还充裕，可以把钱放在尝试各种不同天线上面。 * 电源：二手/旧款电台电源（家用），或者找台友制作电池（野架） * 配件：自制电源线、成品馈线、FT8数据线 (约100元） * 电脑（FT8）：有电脑用电脑，没有电脑可以用安卓机+FT8CN，都没有则需要加预算，个人推荐买二手Windows平板电脑 * 电键（CW）：不要图便宜，要买手感好的 * 天调和天分：不需要，G90都自带了 ### 其他选择即便都是低成本入门短波，也不是只有一条路： * 收音机：成为SWL（短波收听爱好者）甚至收音机爱好者 * 蹭集体台：入门机只适合练手，如果有志于参加比赛，还是要依赖有专门比赛模式、质量更加可靠的设备，所以可以抱大佬大腿。

718党来了，啥都好就两点不好，一是没频谱，二是没fm

好文一开始的时候我就没想着买百瓦的机子，毕竟配齐一套少说也得5k+实在是有点小贵，刚好G90N那会儿刚出，618期间活动价2k出头，还带天调，性价比不错，就买了一台配着阳台天线MA-01一直用到现在，除了功率小，FT8 追台pile-up的时候难度比较大其他没毛病

我也是新手，但是就一个原则。一步到位，要不会增加很多预算。

写的很好作为第一台短波电台是G90的ham补充一下想用G90作为自己的ssb入门的话可以试试环境好的情况下在比赛的时候开台通联，这个时候通到人的概率大很多。(当然记得传日志)

这取决于你的预算攒了多久，还能攒多少，如果攒了没多长时间就攒到891的钱了，还不如再攒久一点升级到DX10，或者退一小步7300，但如果攒很久才到891，又总有冲动想开启自己第一次，那就上718吧。

@"BH8GEF"#p77670 给718党点赞。

请问自制DP天线，买什么材料做天线振子便宜又有性价比呢？

Do you have to start with 891 or 7300 for shortwave? – A discussion on how to guide beginners with limited budgets into shortwave.

ba7ck

A beginner recommends to another beginner, , ,
When starting out, it's important to be willing to spend money. Aim to acquire high-end radios and then focus on improving your transmission and antenna performance. Once you understand the basics, you can experiment with different power levels (e.g., 100 watts) and achieve hundreds or even thousands of CW or SSB contacts per day.

BG6RCW

My first shortwave radio was an FT80c, which I found many years ago. It had a ten-meter long cable, and I could receive voice signals from thousands of kilometers away. This really got me hooked. My second shortwave radio was the FT891, simply because it was convenient and affordable. The third one was the G90S, which is easy to carry and use. The fourth radio was the X6100, which I only used for obtaining a small license. Finally, I have the DX10, which is my everyday radio. Currently, I only have the DX10 and FT891 left; I sold all the others. Buying and selling radios is the most expensive thing you can do – why not just buy one and be done with it?

BH8GEF

BG7NOD Setting up automatic FT8 on a 718 can be challenging, and there aren't any particularly cheap solutions.

BG7NOD

BH8GEF There's a device called BOX-6, which is a homemade machine that costs 430 RMB. However, it only supports data communication in the 6 meter band.

BA4QBK

The real challenge is finding a suitable place to mount the antenna and then successfully erecting it. It can't just be supported by makeshift structures.

Yuluoxk

Anonymous8
I'm a student; please deliver it to me, and also include a KSR inside.

Liridice

Anonymous8 Can I use a Typc-C cable to connect my computer and play FT8?

BG6HFD

My first SSB contact was achieved using a G90S+ with a pull-out antenna, and it worked well in a quiet corner of the campus where the noise level was below S2. Later, I also used a 718+ with a pull-out antenna on my balcony, which gave good results. However, the high-floor resident now uses a DX10+ with a pull-out antenna, but it hasn't been able to make SSB contacts for a long time due to interference from buildings below.
In terms of importance, the following order might be appropriate: 1. Environment, 2. Antenna, 3. Device. The environment ensures that you can receive a response, the antenna guarantees effective transmission and reception, and only then can a good device perform optimally.

BH5UQJ

891 is genuinely interested:A radio designed for outdoor use: A review of the YAESU FT-891

BH4FRV

The summary should be comprehensive and I agree with the main poster's point of view. I also share a similar experience and strongly support the main poster's "go with the flow" and Buddhist-inspired perspective.
Many people suggest that beginners should start with a 100W radio, but this is often because they fear that beginners will lose interest if they can't communicate due to low power. However, the inability to communicate depends on many factors, and power is just one of them. I believe that, like any hobby, it requires learning. Beginners should not only learn how to use a radio, but also acquire various knowledge. It's unnecessary to force people into this hobby if they don't have an interest.
If we were to rank priorities, my personal feeling would be: environment first, antenna second, technical knowledge third, and the functions and performance of the radio should come last.

BH4SKY

Anonymous8 I need a finished product.

TEQuites

I would like to ask LZ for their experience in setting up a ground plane for MA01 in a home environment. Currently, I have tried placing the antenna on the outside of the air conditioner (on the 6th floor) and using a magnetic pad from the car to attach it to the air conditioner's exterior unit, along with a GP cable grounding kit, but the results were not ideal when measured with a nanoVNA.😭😭

BG5EQA

TEQuites I used the FT891 with a tripod and fishing rod stand, using an extension pole to extend it roughly in the middle. I used a 5-meter ground wire that naturally hung down, and with a 40-meter pull, I could achieve a range of about 2 meters, or 20 meters and 15 meters if I simply rolled up the ground wire slightly in a box. Of course, this is for testing purposes. Then, I connect it to the FT891 for a 5W test transmission.

xyzyx

TEQuites I personally tested this, and I recommend first checking the conductivity of the air conditioner's outdoor unit. If the conductivity is poor, it won't be able to ground properly. In that case, you'll need to create your own grounding system, starting with a basic grounding wire. Then, spread the grounding wires around the area, and if any are too long to reach, pull them back and place them along the window frame.
Based on my own testing, at 7.074 MHz, the SWR is 1, because the MA01 has a small range at 7 MHz, so this frequency is fine for FT8. Also, at 21 MHz, the SWR remains below 1.5 according to the radio's display, and I am very satisfied with the results.

debain

Thank you for sharing; I learned a lot.

TEQuites

BG5EQA Thank you for your guidance.😊

TEQuites

xyzyx Okay, thank you for your guidance.

BD7PPA

The G90N is what got me into shortwave, and I still only have this one shortwave radio. My experience is that if you're willing to set up a full-size antenna in a park, there's still a decent chance of picking up SSB signals from local markets. If you don't have the space at home, don't force yourself to install anything like a long whip; instead, use a small active loop or something similar to a mini-whip for receiving. If it seems to be working well, you can go to the park and find a grassy area where you can connect your antenna. You can then experiment with frequencies in the 20m band (or higher), and if you want, you can buy an end-fed antenna or try adjusting the antenna on your radio for luck. After getting your license, the first time I set up my antenna in a park, I was able to contact BG5VDC.
The G90 is a good value, it has enough functionality, and I can also use it with an IQ signal for shortwave SDR. The 192KHz large screen is great, and the device itself isn't too heavy to carry around. It doesn't seem to have any issues with power consumption, and it can handle 4 strings of lithium batteries (although it seems like I might be pushing it a bit; it immediately shuts down when turned on). Overall, I'm pretty satisfied with it. Once I take the C exam, I'll buy myself a better device.

BG9OWJ

BD7PPA How can I use a G90 with IQ signal for SDR? What software should I use? Please explain in detail, as I'm particularly interested in this.🐱

BD7PPA

BG9OWJ You will need a sound card that supports dual-channel recording, and the sampling rate should ideally be 192 kHz or higher. Then connect it to the IQ output, and you can use any software on your computer that supports a sound card ADC.
The ADC inside the g90 is 192 kHz, and it can output a 192 kHz IQ signal. However, due to limitations in processing speed or other factors, it can only output at 48 kHz.

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