写这篇教程的原因是在本地HAM群里,友台们在讨论自制APRS中继的时候,我提到利用几根音频线和一台泉盛K5就可以连接计算机程序实现低成本APRS收发中继的制作.在友台遇到制作音频线时遇到了一些问题,我决定自己下场做做,于是便有了这篇文章. **准备材料:** - 一根2.5mm三芯音频接口线 - 一根3.5mm三芯音频接口线 - 一根3.5mm四芯音频接口线 - 开关(什么开关都可以,用于控制PTT) - 绝缘胶布或热缩管因为我使用的是泉盛UV-K5手台,所以本教程以此为例子,其它K头的手台请按照手台品牌的K头定义进行接线由于泉盛K头定义与建伍K头是一样的,首先我们看看下图的建伍K头接口定义(*只看左边就行了,整张图是教你怎么自制写频线的,有需要的做K头写频线的照此图接线就可以了,与此文无关*): ![K头引脚定义](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/12202733/249265062-44988faa-4011-4bc2-8140-051f5d1906a7.png) 可以看到3.5音频接口用于MIC的输入输出, 2.5音频接口用于扬声器的输入输出. 又从本质上来讲,泉盛所谓的K头接口就是由3.5和2.5音频组成的: ![K5_PCB](https://wsrv.nl/?url=cbnymburk.wz.cz/clanky/quansheng_soubory/UV-R50_Quansheng_inside-3.jpg) 接下来开始接线: 1. 首先将3.5mm三芯音频线的红,白,黑三根线分别接到对应颜色的3.5mm四芯音频接口线上 2. 将2.5mm三芯音频线的红芯线也接到3.5mm四芯音频接口线的红芯线上 3. 重点来了,将2.5mm三芯音频线的白芯线接到3.5mm四芯音频线的绿芯线上 (解释:绿芯线是MIC信号输入线,我们接在扬声器接口的白线上就相当于将手台输出的音频通过MIC线输入给计算机. 对于HAM来说,原理就相当于中继的上行频率是你的下行频率一样) 4. 将2.5mm三芯音频线的黑芯线和3.5mm四芯音频线的黑芯线分别接到你的开关上 (解释:根据上图中的K头定义,2.5mm音频线的黑芯线为GND,即地线,也用于控制手台的PTT发射,具体是地线常通时手台开始发射,断开时手台停止发射,为了避免手台一直发射,必须要有一个开关去控制) 5. 用绝缘胶布或者热缩管将各接线包缠好,完成! 这样一根DIY的音频线就可以实现用你的手台将无线电收到的声音输入到计算机里捣腾了,同时又可以将计算机里的音频文件输入给手台后利用无线电发射出去(**请遵守相关无线电管理的法律法规!!**) --------- ## Q&A #### 我可以用这根线做什么? 很多东西,NOAA天气接收解码,APRS信号接收与发射,AFSK信号接收与发射,FM定时内容发射... ... #### 加了个开关我怎样实现计算机的自动发射? 你可以连个单片机,将两根地线接到GPIO上,编程实现与计算机的通信和自动控制 #### 太麻烦了,有简单的方法吗? 找一个现代操作系统的开发板, 比如树莓派, 再多买个3.5mm的USB声卡,地线接GPIO,DIY线接声卡, 声卡插入开发板的USB口. #### 我买的USB声卡是两个3.5mm接口的,一个MIC孔一个扬声器孔,怎么办? 这种情况更简单了,你甚至不需要DIY接线你需要准备如下材料: - 一根2.5mm公转3.5mm公的三芯音频接口线 - 一根3.5mm公转3.5mm公的三芯音频接口线操作: 1. 将2.5mm公转3.5mm公的三芯音频接口线插入声卡的MIC孔 2. 将3.5mm公转3.5mm公的三芯音频接口线插入声卡的扬声器孔 3. 两条线连接手台的K口. 4. 搞定. ------------ **73**

其实K5的芯片是自带FSK modem的，所以理论上不需要外置tnc，但是就看固件上能不能跟上了，目前看已经有AFSK的 sms poc固件了，那么APRS就不远了。 PS1: NOAA带宽太大，K5应该不太行 PS2: 需要射频干扰问题，这可能会导致RF信号传入USB芯片，导致USB设备直接被重置（表现为设别丢失） PS3: 其实这是一个通用的利用手台+soft modem的场景，FT8、VarAC、RTTY甚至Greencube的接收都可以使用

@"BI1NIZ"#p3338 只要通过3.5mm的音频孔把声音传进电脑去就可以了，剩下都是由计算机去处理。应该不存在干扰的问题吧？毕竟传输的是纯音频信号而已

@"BG8LGP"#p3340 从手台出去的RF直接发现你的usb线，usb线瞬间变天线....当然你纯接收肯定没问题，但是发射的话肯定会有这种射频干扰的问题，尤其是如果用外置声卡，很容易就“掉线”了。要让让天线远点，要么让usb线屏蔽

传统的Packet Radio国内有人玩吗？我去年折腾过LinBPQ，基于Manjaro ARM系统编译运行在一台S905机顶盒上。LinBPQ可以提供WinLink网关，Node，BBS等一堆功能，支持KISS OVER TCP。其他的硬件很普通，USB声卡一枚，配合Direwolf充当TNC。至于PTT控制用到了BH4TDV做的成品连接器，实现对FT-8900R的PTT控制，有动手能力就没必要花200多买这个连接器了。

我动手能力差，所以直接买成品线了，成功把我的 UV-K5 变成了 Digipeater+iGate 需要： - 一根 K 头转 3.5mm 连接线 - 一根 3.5mm 转麦克风和扬声器的分线器 - （选配）3.5mm 国标美标转换头直接插电脑上，注意麦克风应该插电脑上的扬声器，电台扬声器插电脑麦克风接口。然后使用 Direwolf 作为 modem 操作电台并且暴露 KISS，如果不想用 Direwolf 的纯命令行界面可以用它的 KISS 端口连其他软件比如 Pinpoint（我试了 Pinpoint 解码会出现乱码，而且发射也不成功，Direwolf 的 KISS 是没问题的使用其它软件可以连上，应该是 Pinpoint 的问题）。

@"BG2ELG"#p3730 我也买的成品线了，试了下和Aprsdroid配合，接收和VOX发射都功能正常，计算机还没试然后感觉我的收APRS必需静噪0或者开监听，不然根本没反应。。。。

@"troilus"#p3762 我又测试了一下，接收没问题，发射的话，电台 VOX 收到信号转为发射存在延迟，导致丢帧，看来还是得把 PTT 单独焊出来通过继电器控制。

@"BG2ELG"#p3783 用的aprsdorid吗？可以改帧同步前缀，我改的600ms，足够触发vox了

Create a TRS connection cable to enable computer audio transmission and reception using a handheld radio.

BG8LGP

I wrote this tutorial because, while discussing the creation of a homemade APRS repeater in our local HAM group, I mentioned that it was possible to create a low-cost APRS transceiver using just a few audio cables and a QSI K5 computer program. When I encountered problems trying to source the necessary audio cables, I decided to make them myself, which led to the creation of this tutorial.

Materials needed:

A 2.5mm three-core audio interface cable
A 3.5mm three-core audio interface cable
A 3.5mm four-core audio interface cable
Switches (any switches, for controlling PTT)
Insulating tape or heat shrink tubing

Since I am using the Qiansheng UV-K5 handheld unit, this tutorial will use it as an example. For other K-head units, please follow the wiring instructions specific to your unit's brand.

Since the Qiansheng K-head definition and the Jianwu K-head are identical, let's first look at the Jianwu K-head interface definition in the following diagram:Just focus on the left side; the entire image demonstrates how to make a coaxial cable. If you need to create a K-connector for your coaxial cable, you can follow this diagram for wiring. This is unrelated to the text.):
K头引脚定义

The 3.5mm audio interface is used for microphone input and output, while the 2.5mm audio interface is used for speaker input and output.
Fundamentally speaking, what Qishan refers to as a "K-head interface" consists of 3.5mm and 2.5mm audio connectors.
K5_PCB

Next, begin connecting the wires:

First, connect the three red, white, and black wires of the 3.5mm tri-core audio cable to the corresponding colored 3.5mm four-core audio interface.
Connect the red wire from the 2.5mm three-core audio cable to the red wire on the 3.5mm four-core audio connector cable.
Now for the important part: connect the white core of the 2.5mm three-core audio cable to the green core of the 3.5mm four-core audio cable.
(Explanation: The green cable is the MIC signal input line. When connected to the white line of the speaker interface, it's equivalent to transmitting audio from the handheld device through the MIC line into the computer. For HAM radio operators, this principle is similar to a repeater where the uplink frequency is the same as the downlink frequency.)
Connect the black center wire from the 2.5mm three-core audio cable and the black center wire from the 3.5mm four-core audio cable to your switch.
(Explanation: According to the definition of "K" in the diagram above, the black core wire of the 2.5mm audio cable is GND (ground), which is also used for controlling the PTT (Push-to-Talk) transmission on the handheld radio. Specifically, when the ground wire is always connected, the radio starts transmitting; when it is disconnected, the radio stops transmitting. To prevent the radio from continuously transmitting, a switch must be used to control it.)
Wrap each cable bundle with insulating tape or heat shrink tubing to complete the task.

This DIY audio cable allows you to use your radio to receive wireless signals and then input them into a computer for processing. Additionally, it enables you to take audio files from your computer and transmit them wirelessly using the radio.Please comply with all relevant laws and regulations regarding radio management!)

Q&A

What can I do with this string/rope?

Many things, including NOAA weather data reception and decoding, APRS signal reception and transmission, AFSK signal reception and transmission, FM timed content transmission...

I've added a switch. How can I implement automatic computer startup?

You can use a single microcontroller and connect two ground wires to the GPIO pins, and program it to communicate with a computer and perform automatic control.

This sounds like a hassle. Is there an easier way to do this?

Find a development board with a modern operating system, such as a Raspberry Pi, and then purchase an additional 3.5mm USB sound card. Connect the ground wire to the GPIO pins, create your own cable to connect to the sound card, and insert the sound card into the USB port of the development board.

I bought a USB sound card with two 3.5mm ports – one for a microphone and one for speakers. What should I do?

In this case, it's even simpler; you don't even need to do any DIY wiring.
You will need to prepare the following materials:

A 2.5mm male to 3.5mm male, 3-core audio cable.
A 3.5mm male-to-3.5mm male, three-core audio cable.

Operation:

Insert a 2.5mm male to 3.5mm male, three-core audio cable into the microphone jack of the sound card.
Insert a 3.5mm male-to-3.5mm male, three-core audio cable into the speaker jack of the sound card.
Two lines connect the K-port of the handset.
Done.

BI1NIZ

In reality, the K5's chip has an integrated FSK modem, so theoretically, an external TNC is not required. However, it depends on whether the firmware can support it. Currently, there are AFSK SMS POC firmware available, so APRS is not far off.

PS1: The NOAA bandwidth is too large; K5 probably won't work.
PS2: This requires addressing potential radio frequency interference issues, which could cause RF signals to enter the USB chip and directly reset the USB device (manifesting as a loss of device).
PS3: In reality, this is a scenario where you use a handheld radio + soft modem to receive signals. You can use it to receive FT8, VarAC, RTTY, or even Greencube signals.

BG8LGP

BI1NIZ As long as you can transmit the sound through a 3.5mm audio jack to your computer, the rest is handled by the computer itself. There shouldn't be any interference issues, since it's just transmitting pure audio signals.

BI1NIZ

BG8LGP When transmitting from your handheld radio, the RF signal directly hits your USB cable, which instantly acts as an antenna... Of course, if you're only receiving, there shouldn't be any problems. However, when transmitting, you will definitely encounter issues with RF interference, especially if you use an external sound card, which can easily cause "loss of connection." To keep the antenna away from the USB cable, either move it further away or shield the cable.

BH2VJW

Are traditional packet radio systems still used in China? Last year, I experimented with LinBPQ, which is based on the Manjaro ARM system and runs on an S905 set-top box. LinBPQ provides a variety of features such as WinLink gateway, Node, BBS, and supports KISS OVER TCP. The hardware itself is quite standard: a USB sound card and a Direwolf acting as a TNC. As for the PTT control, I used a pre-made connector made by BH4TDV to control the FT-8900R's PTT function. If you have the ability to do it yourself, there is no need to buy this connector for around $200.

BH6ABO

BH2VJW I am interested in Winlink and BBS systems. During the winter holiday, I plan to first create the necessary connection cables.

BG7XSS

Using a direct audio line can easily damage the sound card.

troilus

Thank you for sharing; it was very helpful.

BG2ELG

Because I lack practical skills, I opted to purchase a pre-built kit and successfully converted my UV-K5 into a Digipeater+iGate.

Requirements:

One 3.5mm to K-head connection cable
A 3.5mm to microphone and speaker splitter
(Optional) 3.5mm National Standard/US Standard Conversion Head

Plug it directly into your computer. Make sure the microphone plugs into the speakers on your computer, and the radio speaker plugs into the microphone jack on your computer.

Then, use Direwolf as the modem to operate the radio and expose KISS. If you don't want to use Direwolf's pure command-line interface, you can use its KISS port to connect with other software like Pinpoint (I tried using Pinpoint, but it produced garbled output, and also failed to transmit. The KISS function of Direwolf works fine when connecting with other software, so the problem should be with Pinpoint).

troilus

BG2ELG I also purchased a pre-built antenna and have tested it in conjunction with AprsDroid. Both receiving and VOX transmission functions are working correctly. I haven't yet tried it with my computer.

Then I realized that my APRS receiver needed to be completely silent (no noise) or it wouldn't respond at all.

BG2ELG

troilus

I tested it again, and reception was fine. However, when transmitting, the radio VOX received the signal with a delay, which caused frame loss. It seems that I still need to solder the PTT separately and control it using a relay.

troilus

BG2ELG Are you using an APRS radio? Can I change the frame sync prefix? I changed it to 600ms, which is sufficient for triggering the vox.

BG2ELG

troilus

No, I am using Direwolf, and it does not have similar parameters.~~The official document, which spans 170 pages, states clearly: "Do not use VOX."~~

Refer to BH8SELTutorialUsing relays to control PTT.

According to the K connection diagram, PTT triggering actually involves shorting the ends of two terminals (MIC- and Speaker-).

Therefore, I disassembled the pre-built cable and connected the two ends of the cable to the relay.~~Without a soldering iron, I used a lighter to burn off the insulation on the wire, then I manually twisted it.~~), the relay connects to GPIO, and Direwolf can trigger PTT through GPIO.

Continuing from the SDR, successful decoding was achieved.

BH6ABO

BG2ELG I plan to use the TNC DTR to control the PTT switch. Do I need to add any additional components, such as series capacitors, to the audio input and output lines on the handheld radio?

BG2ELG

BH6ABO

It should still work without the extra components, but everyone says that connecting directly carries a risk. I bought a finished line from Taobao, and inside the included adapter box, there were only three or four resistors with markings of "332 223" and a capacitor.

I searched on GitHub and found some open-source adapter boards. https://github.com/johnboiles/BaofengUV5R-TRRS

troilus

BH6ABO 请教一下 dtr是通过串口还是音频线来控制ptt的？

troilus

BG2ELG 请教一下直连存在哪方面风险，转接板上的电容电阻就是为了解决这个问题的吗？

BG7XSS

BH6ABO

BG7XSS 采纳了

BG9JDI

I recently set up bidirectional audio linking between my handheld radio and computer, using foot pedals to control PTT (push-to-talk) and a desktop microphone for voice input.
I disassembled a microphone I bought on Taobao and found that the "K" output was directly connected to the speaker. I suspected that the transceiver was outputting an amplified signal. When I measured with a CC meter, I noticed a very high voltage when the receiving state changed, and the volume knob could only be turned slightly before it would distort. I didn't dare to connect it directly to the sound card. Instead, I bought a 9 yuan external sound card for 9 yuan and connected it. Following the advice of local ham radio enthusiasts, I added an audio isolator in the middle, which eliminated the current noise. Finally, by adding capacitors at the input, I achieved perfect results.
I recommend adding an external sound card or something similar; don't directly connect your handheld radio to the computer.

BH6ABO

BG9JDI Yes, I think so too. I plan to make this using a "hole board."

BG9JDI

BH6ABO 😄

闽ICP备2021006864号-7

闽公网安备35020602002794号互联网举报中心

用户协议隐私政策社区规范积分规则中继规则转载须知
更新日志联系我们常见问题友情链接运营报告赞助

浩奇科技（厦门）有限公司

是无线电，把我们联系在一起